Work at CICR…
Production to Consumption System Research – Compunent 2 National | |
|---|---|
| Consortium Leader | Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCOT) |
| Consortium Partners | Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), Nagpur Super Spinning Mills Limited (SSM) Coimbatore |
| Duration of the sub-project | July 2008 to 2012 |
| Total Cost of the Project | Rs.903 lakhs |
Objectives of the Project
- To grow established cotton genotypes of the long and extra long category in the identified villages with
integrated production technology practices. - To reduce the level of contaminants in cotton by adopting scientific on- farm and off farm management
practices and to label cotton bales with fibre attributes after appropriate ginning. - To prepare yarn, fabrics and garments in the modern mill & marketing and to manufacture eco-friendly
textiles in handloom sector by employing CIRCOT technology for bio-scoring and natural dyes - To ensure additional income to farmers and alternate raw material to industry by utilizing cotton stalks.
- To demonstrate innovative scientific processing of cotton seed for oil extraction and value addition to its
by- products
Project Description
The Indian textile industry contributes to about 14 % of the industrial production and 4% of
the GDP. This sector uses cotton as its major raw material constituting about 62% of the fibre used, unlike the
global textile industry that has a mix of 40% cotton and 60% man-made fibre. While 35 million people are
directly dependent on this sector for their employment an additional 30 million farmers are involved in the
cultivation of cotton being one of the major cash crops of India .
The Indian cotton production has witnessed a sea change during the last five years with the
area under cotton cultivation hovering around nine million hectares. The production
Has increased from 240 lakh bales during 2005-06 to 280 lakh bales in 2006-07.The estimated
production during 2007-08 is 310 lakh bales and the projected demand by the Ministry of Textiles for 2012 is 375
lakh bales. The productivity has also risen significantly from 320 Kg/ha of the 90s to about 520 Kg/ha in
2006-07.Cotton consumption by the industry has been growing annually at the rate of 10% and in 2006-07, the
consumption by both mill and non-mill sector put together stood at 235 lakh bales. Apart from the fact that
one-fourth of the yarn produced in India is being sold outside, raw-cotton export has been also growing
significantly @ 15% in recent years. In 2006-07, 55 lakh bales of lint were exported.
Value Chain for Cotton: Weak and Missing Links
There exists a value chain for cotton in India. Seed cotton is ginned into lint which is then
mechanically processed into yarn and fabric. This is followed by chemical processing and finishing including
dyeing or printing and finally converting it to garments and made-ups for both internal consumption and export.
However, there are a few weak as well as missing links in this chain.
- Lack of scientific management practices both on and off farm for seed cotton picking, storage and
transportation to ginneries and market yards in order to reduce trash and avoid contaminants. - Ginning, the primary yet crucial mechanical post harvest processing is one of the weakest links
characterized by excessive use of energy, and absence of pre and post cleaning. - Bale-to-bale tagging of fibre attributes is not practiced in India unlike in USA where every bale is
characterized for lint quality by using the High Volume Instrumentation. Bale tagging and segregation of
bales as per quality results in saving of about 5% in mixing cost in spinning mills. - In the down stream processing such as preparatory chemical treatments like scouring, bleaching etc., lack of
energy use efficiency, effluent generation and its treatement are issues that need immediate attention. - Cotton stalks are put to any worthwhile use at all.
- More than 95% of the ginned seeds are directly crushed for oil resulting in loss of precious by-products
like linters, seed hulls etc. Even the scientific processing of rest of the 5% of seeds is done not as part
of the value chain on cotton.
Innovations
- Adoption of on-farm and off-farm management practices
- Tagging of Individual Bales with fibre attributes
- Microbiological (Bioscouring) scouring of yarns and fabrics
- Removal of linters from enzyme pretreated seeds
- Enhanced oil recovery from kernals due to enzyme pretreatment
- Enrichment of cotton seed hulls with microbila proteins with enhanced digestibility
- Biological pretreatment of cotton stalks for seeding oyster mushrooms
- Establishment of cotton stalk supply chain to board industry
- Gossypol free protein from cotton seed kernel
Research components
- Efficacy of fabrics dyed with natural dyes for UV protection
- Enzymatic pre treatment of seed for faster linter recovery
- Enzymatic pretreatment of kernal for enhanced oil recovery
- Production of edible protein (gossypol-free) from seed kernal
- Preparation of briquetters from waste generated during cotton stalk collection and cleaning
Development components
- Integrated cotton cultivation with best crop management practices
- Appropriate picking and on- farm management and transportation of seed cotton
- Tagging of individual bales with fibre attributes
- Manufacture of yarn, fabric and garment in organized & handloom sector
- Bio scouring of yarn and fabric
- New dyeing techniques with natural dyes for improved fastness properties
- Supply chain for cotton plant stalk
- Manufacture of composite boards from stalk
- Low energy pretreatment for sterilization of cotton stalk for raising edible mushrooms
- Bio enrichment of cotton seed hulls
Environment and social Impact
Following benefits are expected to flow to farming community/rural households/environment once the value chain as
envisaged in the project is put into operation
- Reduction in the use of insecticides/pesticides in cotton cultivation.
- Reduction in dust level in ginneries
- Energy efficient pre-processing of textiles and low pollutants in the effluent load.
- Eco-friendly natural dyes in Handloom products.
Monitoring Indicators
| 2008-09 | 2009-10 | 2010-11 |
|---|---|---|
| Seed cotton with desired quality | Seed cotton with desired quality | Seed cotton with desired quality |
| Low levels of contaminants in lint | Low levels of contaminants in lint | Low levels of contaminants in lint |
| Individual bales tagged with fibre attributes | Individual bales tagged with fibre attributes | Individual bales tagged with fibre attributes |
| Installed bio-scouring unit | Better quality yarn and fabrics | Better quality yarn and fabrics |
| Installed bio-scouring unit | Bio-scoured yarns and fabrics dyed with natural dyes. | Bio-scoured yarns and fabrics dyed with natural dyes. |
| Installed bio-scouring unit | Handloom woven fabric | |
| Installed bio-scouring unit | Garments from woven fabrics | Garments from Knitted fabrics |
| Installed Bio-enrichment plant and bio-enriched hulls in cattle feed ration | Bio-enriched hulls in cattle feed ration | |
| Chipped cotton stalk | Chipped cotton stalk | Chipped cotton stalk |
| Anaerobic substrate pretreatment plant | Particle boards | Particle boards |
| Anaerobic substrate pretreatment plant | Production of oyster mushrooms | Production of oyster mushrooms |
| Anaerobic substrate pretreatment plant | Additional recovery of cotton seed oil | Additional recovery of cotton seed oil |
| Briquettes from cotton stalk wastes | Briquettes from cotton stalk wastes | |
| Binderless boards from cottonseed kernel | Binderless boards from cottonseed kernel | |
| Edible protein from cottonseed kernel | Edible protein from cottonseed kernel | |
| 2011-2012 Preparation of policy guideline on monitoring of tagging of bales Compilation of results and submission of final report | ||
Expected Outcome/Deliverables
| Area | Activity | Expected Out Come |
|---|---|---|
| Cotton Production | Incorporation of best crop Management Practices | • 15% more yield with desired quality attributes (high strength,appropriate micronaire,low trash,high ginning outturn) • 5% premium price for quality produce. |
| Post harvest Management | Better on-farm and off-farm practices & Quality Characterization of each bale | • Reduction in trash content in cotton (from the present 4-5%, to around 1-2%) • Reduction in mixing cost (5% saving in spinning cost) • Yarn with better quality (higher strength, more uniformity) |
| Chemical Pre-Processing | Bio scouring | • Eco-friendly(COD level reduced to 50 from 150) Reduction in energy consumption by 100 kwhr for a batch of 25 kg fabric/yarn |
| Dyeing | Natural dyes for yarns and Fabrics | • Eco-friendly • Effluent water fit for irrigation • Workers safely |
| Cotton Stalks utilization | Chipping, board Manufacture, Mushroom Growing, briquetting | • Additional income to farmers (Rs.500/- per tonne of stalks) • Energy efficient process for growing mushrooms (Saving of 50 units of electricity for a batch of 50 Kg raw material) • An alternate raw material for board industry |
| Scientific processing of cotton seed | Enzymatic pretreatment.Bio enrichment of hulls. Protein extraction from Kernel | • Enhanced oil Recovery. (1% increase in oil yield) • Energy efficient delinting (20% reduction in energy consumption) • Edible protein from kernel (gossypol-free, food grade) |
National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP-ICAR), New Delhi Theme Area : | |
|---|---|
| Consortium Leader | Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad |
| Consortium Partners | |
| Duration of the sub-project | July 2008 to 2012 |
| Total Cost of the Project | Rs. 322.60 lakhs. |
Objectives of the sub-project
- Generation of cropping system based information on population biology of major insect pests of rice and
cotton required for robust model development - Development of pest forewarning models and decision support systems in rice and cotton for use at micro
and macro levels
Project Description
Cotton and Rice account for nearly 70% of the pesticides used in the country. The decline
in the natural enemy composition in rice ecosystem by 3.5 times and in cotton ecosystem by 12 times clearly
indicates the ill effects of pesticides. Knowledge and information is the key to judicious pest management
decisions, which can lead to rational use of pesticides. Integrated Pest Management is a system that
emphasizes appropriate decision-making and depends heavily on accurate and timely information for field
implementation by practitioners. Forecast of pests is an important component of the broad IPM philosophy.
Past data sets on crop-pest-disease-weather relations will be used in development of a usable database. The
sub project involves field studies in two major cropping systems: rice-based and cotton-based cropping
systems for development of pest forewarning models based both on biological and ecological processes. The
rice-based cropping systems include rice-ricepulse, rice-wheat and rice-rice-rice systems targeting stem
borer, brown plant hopper, and white backed plant hopper and leaf folder. The cotton based cropping systems
include cotton + pigeonpea/fallow, cotton-wheat and cotton-groundnut/maize sequence targeting mealy bug,
mirid bugs, pink bollworm and Helicoverpa bollworm. These field studies will result in generating
information on off-season survival, pest-carry over on alternate hosts and pestnatural enemy interactions.
Complementing field studies, laboratory experiments under controlled environmental
conditions will generate data on developmental growth rates for mealy bug and mirid bugs in cotton; WBPH and
leaf folder in rice. These studies will lead to insect phenology models for estimating the timing of pest
attack. Extrapolation of model results over larger areas is possible through remote sensing techniques.
First, generation of spectral library using hand held spectro-radiometer for crop damage due to insect pests
will aid in developing pest specific vegetation indices which in turn leads to area-wide crop condition
assessment using space borne remote sensing data. Further, derivation of spatial distribution of
meteorological variables will lead to extrapolation of model outputs at the regional level. Integration of
all the four components i.e., past database; generated data on field, laboratory and remote sensing studies
though the development of a decision support system will strengthen the on-going integrated pest management
delivery in rice and cotton with objectivity.
Main innovations being attempted are:
- Earlier pest forewarning models are based on individual crops. However, pest population dynamics cannot
be understood properly unless the whole cropping systems are studied. Therefore, in this study the
approach is cropping system based which will include bio-ecological variables like off-season survival,
pest-carry over and natural enemies to account for variability in pest populations to a higher extent so
that the forewarning models are more practical and useful. - Use of hyper-spectral technique for pest detection is still evolving and has ambiguities. In this study
the technique will be used to detect and resolve the ambiguities with respect to insect pests of rice
and cotton.
Outputs
- Field population dynamics for four major pests (stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas, brown plant hopper
Nilaparvata lugens, white-backed plant hopper Sogatella furcifera, leaf folder Cnaphalocrosis medinalis)
of rice based cropping systems (Rice-Rice-Pulse, Rice-Wheat, Rice-Rice-Rice) and four pests (mealy bug,
Phenacoccus solenopsis; mirid bugs, Crenotiades spp and Ragmus spp; Pink bollworm, Pectinophora
gossyppiella and American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera) of cotton based cropping systems
(cotton-wheat, cotton-groundnut/maize and cotton+pigeonpea-fallow). - Establish relationships between ambient temperature and growth rates of different developmental stages
of mealy bug, mirid bug in cotton; white-backed plant hopper and leaf folder in rice. - Establishment of spectral signatures for crop damage due to cotton mealy bug; brown plant hopper, white
backed plant hopper and leaf folder in rice using hyperspectral radiometry. - Development of pest forewarning models for six cropping systems.
- Integrated decision support systems for rice and cotton pest management in six cropping systems.
Expected outcome and impact of the project
- The most important outcome of the project would be an understanding of the cropping system based population
dynamics and development of more robust pest forewarning models. - Combining ground level studies on crop and pest damage; satellite borne remote sensing data and derivation
of spatially distributed meteorological variables will lead to extrapolation of pest forewarning at macro
level
Activities for CICR
| Objective/activity | Milestone and when to be attained | Expected output | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Year | Second Year | Third Year | ||
| S.Vennila (SV), G. Majumdar (GM) (Nagpur), Dharajothi (DJ), M Sabesh (MS), M Amutha (MA)(Coimbatore), Rishi Kumar (RK) (Sirsa) | ||||
| Objective 1: Generation of cropping system based information on population biology of major insect pests of rice and cotton required for robust model development | ||||
| Field cum laboratory studies on field growth rates for mealy bug, pink bollworm and mirids in cotton. (SV, MA, DJ, MS, RK) | Field growth rates and key mortality factors quantified; Scientific methods of sampling for mealy bugs and mirids | Field growth rates and key mortality factors quantified | – | Publication |
| Developmental rates for Mealybug and mirids (SV, MA, DJ, RK) | Constant temperature experiments for each life stage | Constant temperature experiments for each life stage | – | Publication |
| Cropping system based field studies on population dynamics of target pests in cotton at Nagpur (Cotton + Pigeonpea -Fallow), Sirsa (Cotton-Wheat) and Coimbatore (Cotton-Groundnut / Cotton-Maize) (SV, MA, GM, DJ, RK) | Population dynamics of mealy bug, mirid bug, Pink bollworm and other cotton pests in different cropping system scenarios | Population dynamics of target pests, GIS technique to study cotton based cropping systems for spatial and temporal relationships for an identified location | Population dynamics in cropping systems for validation | Models based on data mining; Publication |
| Generation of spectral library using hand held spectro radio meter for crop damage due mealybug in cotton (SV, MA, DJ, RK) | Spectral profiles of crop damage associated with target pests in cotton | Spectral profiles of crop damage associated with target pests in cotton | – | Spectral library for pest damage in cotton |
| Objective 2: Development of pest forewarning models and decision support systems in rice and cotton for use at micro and macro levels | ||||
| Compilation and analysis of historical data sets (pest bio-ecology, distribution, crop and pest management practices, models and existing decision support systems) for all pests including diseases in cotton (SV, MA, MS, RK) | Compilation of existing information Design of standard dataset formats | Updating past data | – | Compiled existing knowledge and past data |
| Development of pest forewarning models through use of generated key biotic and abiotic parameters and existing database (SV, MA, GM, DJ, RK, MS) | Pest forewarning modeling for cotton pests using past database | Pest forewarning modeling for cotton pests using generated data | Pest forewarning modeling for cotton pests using both past and generated data | Forewarning models for cotton pests |
| Development of decision support systems cotton (SV, MA, GM, DJ, MS, RK) | Development of DSS framework | Integration of pest models & DSS | DSS for pests in cotton | |
| Name of the lead Consortium (Consortium leader) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Consortium leader | Website | Designation of Head of Organization | Telephone/Email |
| Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad | www.crida.ernet.in | Director | Phone:040-24530177 director@crida.ernet.in , ramakrishna.ys@crida.ernet. in |
| Names of cooperating institutions (Consortium partners) | |||
| Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur | http://cicr.org.in | Director | Phone:07103-275536 cicrngp@rediffmail.com |
| Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad | http://www.drricar.org | Project Director | Phone:040-24015120 pdrice@drricar.org |
| Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad | http://www.sac.gov.in | Director | Phone:079-26913344 director@sac.isro.gov.in |
| National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi | http://www.ncipm.org.in | Director | Phone:011-25843958 ipmnet@bol.net.in |